DC motor, working and explanation

A DC (direct current) motor is a type of electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It operates on the principle of Lorentz force, which is the interaction between a magnetic field and an electric current. A DC motor consists of two main parts: a stator (stationary part) and a rotor (rotating part).

The stator of a DC motor contains a set of electromagnets arranged in a circular pattern around the rotor. These electromagnets are powered by a DC power supply, which creates a magnetic field. The rotor, on the other hand, contains a set of conductors that are arranged to form a loop. When a current is passed through these conductors, they experience a force due to the interaction with the magnetic field, which causes the rotor to rotate.

The direction of rotation of the rotor is determined by the direction of the current in the conductors, as well as the polarity of the magnetic field created by the stator. To ensure continuous rotation, the current in the conductors needs to be reversed every half-cycle, which is achieved by using a commutator.

A commutator is a mechanical device that consists of a set of copper segments connected to the conductors of the rotor. As the rotor rotates, the segments come into contact with brushes (made of carbon or graphite), which are connected to the power supply. The commutator reverses the direction of the current in the conductors every time they pass through the neutral point of the magnetic field, which ensures that the rotor continues to rotate in the same direction.

DC motors are widely used in a variety of applications, such as electric vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances. They are simple, reliable, and efficient, making them a popular choice for many different types of devices.

obstacle avoidance robot using arduino

 Here is the code for making a obstacle avoidance robot using :-

1) l298n motor driver 

2) arduino (any)

3)servo  motor (optional)

4) 2 or 4 dc motors and wheels

5)jumper cables if (needed )

6) breadboard if (needed) 

// Motor driver pins

int ENA = 3; int ENB = 5; int IN1 = 2; int IN2 = 4; int IN3 = 6; int IN4 = 7; // Servo pin int servoPin = 9; // Ultrasonic sensor pins int trigPin = 10; int echoPin = 11; // Distance variables long duration; int distance; void setup() { // Set motor driver pins as outputs pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT); pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT); pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT); pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT); pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT); pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT); // Set servo pin as output pinMode(servoPin, OUTPUT); // Set ultrasonic sensor pins pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Start serial communication Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // Rotate servo to scan area for obstacles for (int i = 0; i <= 180; i += 5) { int angle = map(i, 0, 180, 0, 179); digitalWrite(servoPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(500 + angle * 5); digitalWrite(servoPin, LOW); delay(30); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); distance = duration * 0.034 / 2; if (distance < 30) { // If obstacle detected, stop and turn digitalWrite(ENA, LOW); digitalWrite(ENB, LOW); digitalWrite(IN1, LOW); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW); digitalWrite(IN3, LOW); digitalWrite(IN4, LOW); delay(500); digitalWrite(ENA, HIGH); digitalWrite(ENB, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW); digitalWrite(IN3, LOW); digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH); delay(1000); } } // Move forward if no obstacles detected digitalWrite(ENA, HIGH); digitalWrite(ENB, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN2, LOW); digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH); digitalWrite(IN4, LOW); delay(500); }

This code uses a servo motor to scan the area for obstacles and an ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance to any obstacles. If an obstacle is detected within 30 cm, the robot stops and turns for 1 second before continuing to move forward. If no obstacles are detected, the robot moves forward. The L298N motor driver is used to control the two motors.

joystick module with ARDUINO nano||how to use ARDUINO nano with joystick module||the robotics guy||Lucifer

Code for the Arduino

/*How to use the joystick module.

 *Serial monitor readings.

 *Read the code below and use it for any of your creation

 */

 

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(9600);//enable serial monitor

}

void loop() {

  int joy = analogRead(A0);//get analog value (0-1024)

  int joy1 = analogRead(A1);//get analog value (0-1024)

  String x = "x axis ";//creating string variable

  String y = "y axis ";//creating string variable

  Serial.print(x + joy);//print x axis value

  Serial.print("\t");//tab space

  Serial.println(y + joy1);//print y axis value

  Serial.println( "");//space

  delay(100);//delay

}

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introduction to Arduino nano

Arduino Nano Pin Configuration

Pin Category	Pin Name	Details
Power	Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND	Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an external power source (6-12V). 5V: Regulated power supply used to power microcontroller and other components on the board. 3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage regulator. Maximum current draw is 50mA. GND: Ground pins.
Reset	Reset	Resets the microcontroller.
Analog Pins	A0 – A7	Used to measure analog voltage in the range of 0-5V
Input/Output Pins	Digital Pins D0 - D13	Can be used as input or output pins. 0V (low) and 5V (high)
Serial	Rx, Tx	Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.
External Interrupts	2, 3	To trigger an interrupt.
PWM	3, 5, 6, 9, 11	Provides 8-bit PWM output.
SPI	10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK)	Used for SPI communication.
Inbuilt LED	13	To turn on the inbuilt LED.
IIC	A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA)	Used for TWI communication.
AREF	AREF	To provide reference voltage for input voltage.

 

Arduino Nano Technical Specifications

Microcontroller	ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller
Operating Voltage	5V
Recommended Input Voltage for Vin pin	7-12V
Analog Input Pins	6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins	14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)
DC Current on I/O Pins	40 mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin	50 mA
Flash Memory	32 KB (2 KB is used for Bootloader)
SRAM	2 KB
EEPROM	1 KB
Frequency (Clock Speed)	16 MHz
Communication	IIC, SPI, USART

 

Other Arduino Boards

Arduino UNO, Arduino Pro Mini, Arduino Mega, Arduino Due, Arduino Leonardo

Understanding Arduino Nano

The Arduino board is designed in such a way that it is very easy for beginners to get started with microcontrollers. This board especially is breadboard friendly is very easy to handle the connections. Let’s start with powering the Board.

Powering you Arduino Nano:

There are totally three ways by which you can power your Nano.

USB Jack: Connect the mini USB jack to a phone charger or computer through a cable and it will draw power required for the board to function 

Vin Pin: The Vin pin can be supplied with a unregulated 6-12V to power the board. The on-board voltage regulator regulates it to +5V

+5V Pin: If you have a regulated +5V supply then you can directly provide this o the +5V pin of the Arduino.

 In itput/output:

There are totally 14 digital Pins and 8 Analog pins on your Nano board. The digital pins can be used to interface sensors by using them as input pins or drive loads by using them as output pins. A simple function like pinMode() and digitalWrite() can be used to control their operation. The operating voltage is 0V and 5V for digital pins. The analog pins can measure analog voltage from 0V to 5V using any of the 8 Analog pins using a simple function liken analogRead()

These pins apart from serving their purpose can also be used for special purposes which are discussed below:

Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.

External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3: These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.

PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite() function.

SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): These pins are used for SPI communication.

In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED is on and when pin 13 is LOW, its off.

I2C A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCA): Used for IIC communication using Wire library.

AREF: Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analogReference() function.

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Reset Pin: Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.

 

These special functions and their respective pins are illustrated in the arduino nano pin diagram shown above.

 

How to use Arduino Nano

It will hardly take 5-10 minutes to upload you first program to Arduino Nano. All you need the Arduino IDE an USB cable and your Nano board itself.

Download and Install Arduino:

The first step would be install the Arduino IDE which is available for download for free from the below link. After installing Arduino you might also want to install the drivers (link given below) for you Arduino to communicate with your Computer

Arduino IDE Download

Driver Download

 

Uploading your first program

Once arduino IDE is installed on the computer, connect the board with computer using USB cable. Now open the arduino IDE and choose the correct board by selecting Tools>Boards>Arduino/Nano, and choose the correct Port by selecting Tools>Port. Arduino Uno is programmed using Arduino programming language based on Wiring. To get it started with Arduino Uno board and blink the built-in LED, load the example code by selecting Files>Examples>Basics>Blink. Once the example code (also shown below) is loaded into your IDE, click on the ‘upload’ button given on the top bar. Once the upload is finished, you should see the Arduino’s built-in LED blinking. Below is the example code for blinking:

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board

void setup() {

  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.

  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever

void loop() {

  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

  delay(1000); // wait for a second

  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

  delay(1000); // wait for a second

}

Applications

Prototyping of Electronics Products and Systems

Multiple DIY Projects.

Easy to use for beginner level DIYers and makers.

Projects requiring Multiple I/O interfaces and communications.

 

Difference between Arduino UNO and Arduino Nano

The Arduino Nano is very much similar to the Arduino UNO. They use the same Processor (Atmega328p) and hence they both can share the same program. One big difference between both is the size UNO is twice as big as Nano and hence occupies more space on your project. Also Nano is breadboard friendly while Uno is not. To program a Uno you need Regular USB cable where as for Nano you will need a mini USB cable. The technical difference between Uno and Nano is shown below.

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Difference between Arduino Nano and Arduino Mega

There is a considerable amount of difference between the Arduino Nano and the Arduino mega as the processor used itself is different. Arduino Mega is more powerful than an Arduino Nano in terms of speed and number of I/O pins. As you might guess the size is also bigger than an Arduino UNO. Arduino Mega is normally used for projects which require a lot of I/O pins and different Communication protocols.

 

led chaser using aurduino nano

Code for the led chaser 

You can copy the whole code and past it on the editor....

void setup(){
  pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}

void loop(){
 

  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8,HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(11,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(8,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(5,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4,LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
  delay(100);
 
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(12,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(11,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(10,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(9,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(8,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(7,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(6,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(5,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(4,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  delay(100);
}

 

circut diagram 🔝